I. Simile, metaphor, personification: - Simile: A figure of speech that compares two different things using “like” or “as.” For example, “She runs like the wind.” - Metaphor: A figure of speech that directly compares two different things without using “like” or “as.” For example, “He is a shining star.” - Personification: A figure of speech that gives human qualities or characteristics to non-human things. For example, “The flowers danced in the breeze.”
II. Understatement, hyperbole, onomatopoeia: - Understatement: A figure of speech that intentionally represents something as less important or less serious than it actually is. For example, “It’s just a scratch” when referring to a deep cut. - Hyperbole: A figure of speech that involves exaggeration for emphasis or dramatic effect. For example, “I’ve told you a million times.” - Onomatopoeia: A figure of speech that uses words that imitate or suggest the sound of what they describe. For example, “buzz,” “hiss,” or “boom.”
III. Oxymorons, palindromes: - Oxymorons: A figure of speech that combines contradictory terms to create a new meaning. For example, “jumbo shrimp” or “bittersweet.” - Palindromes: Words, phrases, or sentences that read the same backward as they do forward. For example, “madam” or “A man, a plan, a canal, Panama.”
IV. Assonance, consonance, alliteration: - Assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words. For example, “fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese.” - Consonance: The repetition of consonant sounds in nearby words. For example, “pitter-patter” or “all mammals named Sam are clammy.” - Alliteration: The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. For example, “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.”