Acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF) are two different conditions that affect the kidneys.

Acute renal failure, also known as acute kidney injury (AKI), is a sudden and rapid loss of kidney function. It occurs over a short period of time, usually within a few hours to a few days. ARF can be caused by various factors, including severe dehydration, kidney infection, urinary tract obstruction, certain medications, and kidney damage from trauma or surgery. Symptoms of ARF may include decreased urine output, fluid retention, fatigue, confusion, and nausea. Treatment for ARF focuses on addressing the underlying cause, managing symptoms, and supporting kidney function until it recovers.

Chronic renal failure, also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a long-term condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their ability to function properly. It develops over a period of months or years and is often caused by conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain autoimmune diseases. CRF is characterized by a progressive decline in kidney function, leading to the accumulation of waste products and fluid imbalances in the body. Symptoms of CRF may include fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles, frequent urination, and high blood pressure. Treatment for CRF focuses on managing symptoms, slowing the progression of the disease, and preventing complications. In advanced stages of CRF, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.