Ancient India was located in the southern part of the Asian continent, primarily in the region known as the Indian subcontinent. It was bordered by the Himalayan mountain range in the north, the Arabian Sea in the west, and the Bay of Bengal in the east. The geography of ancient India was diverse and varied, with a wide range of landscapes and natural features.

The northern part of ancient India was dominated by the Himalayan mountain range, which provided a natural barrier and protection from invasions. The fertile plains of the Indus and Ganges rivers were located in this region, making it ideal for agriculture and settlement. These rivers, along with their tributaries, played a crucial role in the development of ancient Indian civilization, providing water for irrigation, transportation, and trade.

To the south of the plains, there were the Deccan Plateau and the Western Ghats mountain range. The Deccan Plateau was a vast elevated region with a drier climate, while the Western Ghats acted as a natural barrier, separating the plateau from the coastal plains along the Arabian Sea.

The eastern part of ancient India was characterized by the fertile delta region of the Brahmaputra and Ganges rivers, known as the Bengal Delta. This region was prone to flooding but was also highly productive for agriculture.

The coastal regions of ancient India, along the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, were important for trade and maritime activities. The Arabian Sea provided access to the western part of the ancient world, including the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, while the Bay of Bengal connected ancient India to Southeast Asia.

Overall, the geography of ancient India played a significant role in shaping its civilization. The presence of fertile river valleys, mountains, and coastlines influenced the development of agriculture, trade, and cultural exchange.