Alliteration: The repetition of initial consonant sounds in neighboring words or syllables can create a musical or rhythmic effect, drawing attention to certain words or phrases.

Anaphora: The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or lines can create emphasis and build momentum in a poem.

Assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds in neighboring words or syllables can create a sense of harmony or dissonance, depending on the context.

Cliché: Overused phrases or expressions that have lost their originality can detract from the impact of a poem and make it feel cliched or unoriginal.

Consonance: The repetition of consonant sounds in neighboring words or syllables can create a sense of unity or dissonance, depending on the context.

Irony: The use of language that conveys a meaning opposite to its literal interpretation can create a sense of tension or surprise for the reader.

Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable can create vivid imagery and deepen the reader’s understanding of the poem.

Onomatopoeia: The use of words that imitate the sound they represent can create a sense of auditory imagery and bring the poem to life.

Oxymoron: A figure of speech in which contradictory terms are combined can create a sense of tension or paradox in the poem.

Pathetic Fallacy: The attribution of human emotions or characteristics to inanimate objects or nature can create a sense of empathy or connection between the reader and the subject of the poem.

Personification: The attribution of human qualities to animals, objects, or abstract concepts can create a sense of empathy or connection between the reader and the subject of the poem.

Persona: The voice or character assumed by the poet in a poem can create a sense of distance or intimacy between the reader and the speaker.

Plosive: The use of consonant sounds produced by stopping the airflow can create a sense of emphasis or intensity in the poem.

Sibilance: The repetition of hissing or sibilant sounds can create a sense of rhythm or musicality in the poem.

Simile: A figure of speech in which two unlike things are compared using “like” or “as” can create vivid imagery and deepen the reader’s understanding of the poem.

Symbolism: The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities can create layers of meaning and add depth to the poem.

Caesura: A pause or break in the middle of a line of poetry can create a sense of tension or emphasis on certain words or phrases.

Couplet: Two lines of verse that rhyme and often express a complete thought can create a sense of closure or resolution in the poem.

End Stopped: A line of poetry that ends with a punctuation mark can create a sense of finality or closure.

Enjambment: The continuation of a sentence or phrase from one line of poetry to the next can create a sense of flow or movement in the poem.

Free verse: Poetry that does not follow a specific rhyme or meter can create a sense of freedom or spontaneity in the poem.

Rhyme: The repetition of similar sounds at the end of lines of poetry can create a sense of harmony or musicality in the poem.

Rhythm: The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry can create a sense of movement or musicality in the poem.

Sonnet: A 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme and meter can create a sense of structure or formality in the poem.