Simpler Version:
1. Allele - a different form of a gene that determines a specific trait (p. 12)
2. Homozygous - having two same alleles for a trait (p. 15)
3. Heterozygous - having two different alleles for a trait (p. 17)
4. Phenotype - the observable characteristics of an organism (p. 21)
5. Genotype - the genetic makeup of an organism (p. 23)
6. Dominant - an allele that is expressed in the appearance (p. 28)
7. Recessive - an allele that is only expressed when two copies are present (p. 30)
8. Punnett square - a diagram used to predict offspring traits (p. 35)
9. Codominance - both alleles for a gene are equally expressed (p. 39)
10. Incomplete dominance - the heterozygote’s appearance is between the homozygotes (p. 42)
Same Version:
1. Allele (p. 12) - a variant form of a gene that determines a specific trait
2. Homozygous (p. 15) - having two identical alleles for a particular gene
3. Heterozygous (p. 17) - having two different alleles for a particular gene
4. Phenotype (p. 21) - the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism
5. Genotype (p. 23) - the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the combination of alleles
6. Dominant (p. 28) - an allele that is expressed in the phenotype, masking the effect of the recessive allele
7. Recessive (p. 30) - an allele that is only expressed in the phenotype when two copies are present
8. Punnett square (p. 35) - a diagram used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
9. Codominance (p. 39) - a situation in which both alleles for a gene are expressed equally in the phenotype
10. Incomplete dominance (p. 42) - a situation in which the phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the homozygotes
More Complex Version:
1. Allele (p. 12) - a variant form of a gene that determines a specific trait, such as eye color or height, by coding for a specific protein or RNA molecule
2. Homozygous (p. 15) - having two identical alleles for a particular gene, resulting in a purebred condition where the trait is expressed consistently
3. Heterozygous (p. 17) - having two different alleles for a particular gene, resulting in a hybrid condition where the trait may be expressed differently
4. Phenotype (p. 21) - the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors
5. Genotype (p. 23) - the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the combination of alleles present in its DNA or chromosomes
6. Dominant (p. 28) - an allele that is expressed in the phenotype, masking the effect of the recessive allele, and often associated with a higher frequency in a population
7. Recessive (p. 30) - an allele that is only expressed in the phenotype when two copies are present, typically masked by the presence of a dominant allele
8. Punnett square (p. 35) - a diagram used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring based on the combination of parental alleles
9. Codominance (p. 39) - a situation in which both alleles for a gene are expressed equally in the phenotype, resulting in a combined or blended trait
10. Incomplete dominance (p. 42) - a situation in which the phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the homozygotes, indicating a partial expression of both alleles