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Which subatomic particle has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus of an atom?
a) Proton
b) Neutron
c) Electron
d) Nucleus
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What is the atomic number of an element and how does it relate to the number of protons?
a) The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.
b) The atomic number is the number of neutrons in an atom.
c) The atomic number is the number of electrons in an atom.
d) The atomic number is the number of nucleons in an atom.
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Which of the following is a step of the scientific method and what is its purpose?
a) Analyzing data - to interpret and draw conclusions from experimental results.
b) Forming a hypothesis - to propose a testable explanation for an observed phenomenon.
c) Drawing conclusions - to summarize the findings and determine if the hypothesis is supported.
d) All of the above.
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What is the SI unit for temperature and how does it differ from other temperature scales?
a) Kelvin - it is an absolute temperature scale where 0 K represents absolute zero.
b) Celsius - it is based on the freezing and boiling points of water.
c) Fahrenheit - it is commonly used in the United States.
d) Rankine - it is an absolute temperature scale similar to Kelvin but used in some engineering applications.
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How many significant figures are in the number 0.00340 and why?
a) 2 - leading zeros are not significant.
b) 3 - trailing zeros after a decimal point are significant.
c) 4 - all zeros between significant figures are significant.
d) 5 - all zeros in scientific notation are significant.
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Which of the following is an example of a physical change and why?
a) Burning wood - it involves a chemical reaction that changes the composition of the wood.
b) Rusting of iron - it involves a chemical reaction that forms a new compound.
c) Melting ice - it involves a change in state without altering the chemical composition.
d) Cooking an egg - it involves a chemical reaction that denatures proteins.
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Which of the following is a chemical change and why?
a) Boiling water - it involves a change in state without altering the chemical composition.
b) Dissolving salt in water - it involves a physical change where the salt particles disperse in water.
c) Digesting food - it involves a series of chemical reactions that break down food molecules.
d) Cutting paper - it involves a physical change where the paper is physically divided.
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What is the molar mass of water (H2O) and how is it calculated?
a) 18 g/mol - it is calculated by adding the atomic masses of hydrogen and oxygen.
b) 22 g/mol - it is calculated by multiplying the atomic mass of hydrogen by 2 and adding the atomic mass of oxygen.
c) 24 g/mol - it is calculated by multiplying the atomic mass of hydrogen by 2 and adding the atomic mass of oxygen.
d) 26 g/mol - it is calculated by adding the atomic masses of hydrogen and oxygen and multiplying by 2.
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How many moles are in 25 grams of carbon dioxide (CO2) and how is it calculated?
a) 0.5 moles - it is calculated by dividing the mass by the molar mass.
b) 1 mole - it is calculated by dividing the mass by the molar mass.
c) 1.5 moles - it is calculated by dividing the mass by the molar mass.
d) 2 moles - it is calculated by dividing the mass by the molar mass.
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Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture and why?
a) Saltwater - it is a homogeneous mixture where salt is dissolved uniformly in water.
b) Air - it is a homogeneous mixture of gases.
c) Milk - it is a heterogeneous mixture where fat globules are dispersed in water.
d) Vinegar - it is a homogeneous mixture of acetic acid and water.
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How many significant figures are in the measurement 2.50 cm and why?
a) 2 - trailing zeros after a decimal point are not significant.
b) 3 - all zeros between significant figures are significant.
c) 4 - all zeros in scientific notation are significant.
d) 5 - trailing zeros after a decimal point are significant.
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What is the density of an object with a mass of 50 grams and a volume of 10 cm3 and how is it calculated?
a) 2 g/cm3 - it is calculated by dividing the mass by the volume.
b) 5 g/cm3 - it is calculated by dividing the mass by the volume.
c) 10 g/cm3 - it is calculated by dividing the mass by the volume.
d) 50 g/cm3 - it is calculated by dividing the mass by the volume.
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Which of the following graphs represents a direct relationship between two variables and why?
a) Linear graph with a positive slope - as one variable increases, the other variable also increases.
b) Linear graph with a negative slope - as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.
c) Non-linear graph with an upward curve - as one variable increases, the other variable also increases, but not at a constant rate.
d) Non-linear graph with a downward curve - as one variable increases, the other variable decreases, but not at a constant rate.
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How many milliliters are in 1 liter and how is it converted?
a) 10 mL - it is converted by multiplying the volume in liters by 1000.
b) 100 mL - it is converted by multiplying the volume in liters by 100.
c) 1000 mL - it is converted by multiplying the volume in liters by 1000.
d) 10,000 mL - it is converted by multiplying the volume in liters by 10,000.
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What is the chemical formula for sodium chloride and how is it determined?
a) NaCl2 - it is determined by balancing the charges of the ions.
b) Na2Cl - it is determined by balancing the charges of the ions.
c) NaCl - it is determined by balancing the charges of the ions.
d) Na2Cl2 - it is determined by balancing the charges of the ions.