Title: Investigating Matter: Changing Physical Properties

Grade Level: 2nd Grade

Subject: Science

Time Duration: 45 minutes

TEK (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills): 2.6A - Demonstrate that things can be done to materials such as cutting, folding, sanding, and melting to change their physical properties.

Objectives: 1. Students will understand that physical properties of materials can be changed by various actions. 2. Students will demonstrate their understanding by performing hands-on activities to change the physical properties of different materials. 3. Students will communicate their observations and findings through discussions and drawings.

Materials: - Various materials such as paper, clay, sandpaper, ice cubes, crayons, and candles - Scissors - Rulers - Sandpaper - Small containers - Popsicle sticks - Worksheets (optional) - Drawing materials (paper, pencils, crayons)

Procedure:

Introduction (5 minutes): 1. Begin the lesson by asking students if they know what matter is. Discuss their responses and explain that matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. 2. Introduce the concept of physical properties by asking students to describe the properties of different objects in the classroom (e.g., color, shape, texture). 3. Explain that physical properties can be changed by doing certain things to materials.

Activity 1: Cutting and Folding (10 minutes): 1. Distribute sheets of paper to each student. 2. Instruct students to fold the paper in half, then cut along the folded line. 3. Ask students to observe and describe the changes in the physical properties of the paper after cutting and folding. 4. Facilitate a class discussion to share their observations and discuss how cutting and folding changed the paper’s physical properties.

Activity 2: Sanding (10 minutes): 1. Provide each student with a small piece of clay or wood. 2. Distribute sandpaper and instruct students to rub the sandpaper against the material. 3. Encourage students to observe and describe the changes in the physical properties of the material after sanding. 4. Discuss their observations as a class and emphasize how sanding changed the texture and appearance of the material.

Activity 3: Melting (15 minutes): 1. Set up a safe melting station by placing a candle in a small container. 2. Give each student an ice cube and a popsicle stick. 3. Instruct students to hold the ice cube over the flame of the candle using the popsicle stick. 4. Ask students to observe and describe the changes in the physical properties of the ice cube as it melts. 5. Facilitate a class discussion to share their observations and discuss how melting changed the ice cube from a solid to a liquid.

Conclusion (5 minutes): 1. Recap the activities and discuss how cutting, folding, sanding, and melting can change the physical properties of materials. 2. Allow students to share their favorite activity and explain why they found it interesting. 3. Encourage students to draw and label the changes they observed during the activities on a worksheet or a blank sheet of paper.

Assessment: - Observe students’ participation and engagement during the activities. - Review students’ drawings and worksheets to assess their understanding of the changes in physical properties. - Conduct a brief oral assessment by asking students to explain how cutting, folding, sanding, and melting can change the physical properties of materials.