Title: Conservation of Energy Lab: Rolling Ball Experiment

Objective: To demonstrate the principle of conservation of energy by analyzing the energy transformations involved in the motion of a rolling ball.

Materials: 1. A smooth, inclined track (preferably made of wood or plastic) 2. A small ball (e.g., a marble or a small rubber ball) 3. Measuring tape or ruler 4. Stopwatch or timer 5. Protractor or angle measuring tool 6. Leveling tool (optional)

Procedure: 1. Set up the inclined track on a flat surface, ensuring that it is stable and level. If needed, use a leveling tool to ensure accuracy. 2. Measure the length of the track using a measuring tape or ruler and record the value. 3. Place the ball at the top of the inclined track and release it, allowing it to roll down the track. 4. Use a stopwatch or timer to measure the time it takes for the ball to reach the bottom of the track. Record the time. 5. Measure the height of the track from the ground to the starting point of the ball using a measuring tape or ruler. Record the height. 6. Measure the angle of inclination of the track using a protractor or angle measuring tool. Record the angle. 7. Repeat steps 3-6 for different heights and angles of inclination, ensuring to record all the necessary measurements.

Data Analysis: 1. Calculate the potential energy (PE) of the ball at the starting point using the formula PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the ball, g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s²), and h is the height of the track. 2. Calculate the kinetic energy (KE) of the ball at the bottom of the track using the formula KE = 0.5mv², where m is the mass of the ball and v is the velocity of the ball at the bottom of the track. The velocity can be calculated using the formula v = d/t, where d is the length of the track and t is the time taken for the ball to reach the bottom. 3. Compare the potential energy at the starting point with the kinetic energy at the bottom of the track. Verify if the total mechanical energy (PE + KE) is conserved or if there are any discrepancies. 4. Analyze the relationship between the height of the track, angle of inclination, and the resulting kinetic energy of the ball. Discuss any trends or patterns observed.

Conclusion: Summarize the findings of the lab, emphasizing the principle of conservation of energy. Discuss any sources of error and suggest improvements for future experiments.