Study Guide:

Ida Tarbell: - American journalist and author known for her investigative journalism - Famous for her book “The History of the Standard Oil Company,” which exposed the unethical practices of the company - Played a significant role in the progressive movement and the fight against monopolies

Jane Addams: - Social reformer and activist - Co-founder of Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago that provided social services to immigrants and the poor - Advocate for women’s suffrage, peace, and social justice - First American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize

President Theodore Roosevelt: - 26th President of the United States (1901-1909) - Known for his progressive policies and trust-busting efforts - Advocated for conservation and established national parks and forests - Led the construction of the Panama Canal

President William Taft: - 27th President of the United States (1909-1913) - Continued Roosevelt’s progressive policies, but with a more conservative approach - Focused on trust-busting and tariff reform - Signed the 16th Amendment, which established the federal income tax

Susan B. Anthony: - Women’s rights activist and suffragist - Played a crucial role in the women’s suffrage movement - Co-founded the National Woman Suffrage Association - Instrumental in the passage of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote

Liliuokalani: - Last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii - Overthrown in a coup led by American businessmen and politicians - Fought for the restoration of Hawaiian sovereignty and against American imperialism

Jose Martí: - Cuban poet, journalist, and revolutionary - Led the fight for Cuban independence from Spain - Founded the Cuban Revolutionary Party and organized armed resistance against Spanish rule - Considered a national hero in Cuba

Eugene Debs: - American labor leader and socialist - Co-founder of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) - Ran for President of the United States multiple times as the candidate of the Socialist Party - Advocated for workers’ rights and social justice

Emilio Aguinaldo: - Filipino revolutionary and politician - Led the fight for Philippine independence from Spain and later from the United States - Became the first President of the Philippines - Fought against American imperialism and occupation

Ida B. Wells: - African American journalist, suffragist, and civil rights activist - Investigated and exposed the horrors of lynching in the United States - Co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) - Fought for racial equality and women’s rights

Jacob Riis: - Danish-American journalist and social reformer - Exposed the living conditions of the poor in New York City through his book “How the Other Half Lives” - Advocated for housing reform and improved living conditions for immigrants and the working class

Upton Sinclair: - American writer and social reformer - Wrote the novel “The Jungle,” which exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry - Led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act - Advocate for workers’ rights and socialism

Dollar Diplomacy: - Foreign policy approach used by President William Taft - Focused on using American economic power and investment to promote American interests abroad - Aimed to increase American influence and control in Latin America and East Asia

The Grange: - Also known as the Patrons of Husbandry - A social and educational organization for farmers - Advocated for the rights and interests of farmers, including fair prices for crops and regulation of railroads

Big Stick Policy: - Foreign policy approach used by President Theodore Roosevelt - Asserted American power and influence through military strength and intervention - Famous quote: “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

Yellow Journalism: - Sensationalized and exaggerated journalism that aimed to attract readers and sell newspapers - Associated with the newspapers of William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer - Played a role in shaping public opinion during the Spanish-American War

U.S.S. Maine: - American battleship that exploded and sank in Havana Harbor, Cuba in 1898 - The incident was used as a catalyst for the Spanish-American War - The cause of the explosion is still debated, but it was blamed on Spain at the time

Open Door Policy: - Proposed by the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries - Aimed to ensure equal trading rights and access to China for all nations - Sought to prevent the colonization and division of China by European powers

Imperialism: - Policy of extending a nation’s power and influence through colonization, military force, or economic domination - Associated with the expansion of European powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries - The United States also engaged in imperialism, particularly in the Philippines and Latin America

Populist Party: - Political party in the United States in the late 19th century - Represented the interests of farmers and the working class - Advocated for economic reforms, including the regulation of railroads and banks - Merged with the Democratic Party in the early 20th century

The reason crop prices dropped for American farmers in the late 19th century: - Overproduction: Farmers were producing more crops than the market demanded, leading to a surplus and a decrease in prices - Technological advancements: New farming technologies increased productivity, leading to an oversupply of crops - Lack of government regulation: The absence of regulations on monopolies and trusts allowed large corporations to control prices and exploit farmers

Roosevelt Corollary: - Addition to the Monroe Doctrine proposed by President Theodore Roosevelt - Stated that the United States had the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries to maintain stability and protect American interests - Used to justify American military interventions in the region

Moral Diplomacy: - Foreign policy approach used by President Woodrow Wilson - Advocated for promoting democracy, human rights, and peace in international relations - Opposed imperialism and military intervention

Panama Canal: - Man-made waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans - Constructed by the United States in Panama from 1904 to 1914 - Reduced travel time and costs for ships, and facilitated trade and military operations