Title: The Human Excretory System: Structure and Function

Grade Level: 9th-12th grade

Subject: Biology

Duration: 45 minutes

Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the structure of the human excretory (renal) system. 2. Explain the function of the kidneys in filtering blood to remove urea. 3. Identify the process of urine formation and excretion.

Materials: - Computer or tablet with internet access - Projector or screen for displaying visuals - Whiteboard or blackboard - Markers or chalk - Handouts (optional)

Procedure:

1. Introduction (5 minutes) a. Greet the students and introduce the topic of the human excretory system. b. Ask students if they are familiar with the term “excretory system” and what they know about it. c. Explain that in this lesson, we will focus on the structure and function of the renal system, specifically the kidneys.

2. Presentation (20 minutes) a. Use a presentation software or online resources to display visuals and diagrams of the human excretory system. b. Explain the structure of the renal system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. c. Discuss the location and external appearance of the kidneys. d. Describe the internal structure of the kidneys, including the renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis, and nephrons. e. Emphasize the role of nephrons in filtering blood and producing urine. f. Use diagrams to illustrate the flow of blood and urine through the kidneys.

3. Function of the Kidneys (15 minutes) a. Explain the primary function of the kidneys, which is to filter blood and remove waste products, particularly urea. b. Discuss the importance of removing urea from the body to maintain homeostasis. c. Describe the process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion that occurs within the nephrons. d. Highlight the role of the glomerulus and renal tubules in these processes. e. Use real-life examples to help students understand the significance of the kidneys’ function in maintaining overall health.

4. Conclusion and Recap (5 minutes) a. Summarize the main points discussed in the lesson. b. Ask students if they have any questions or need clarification on any topic covered. c. Assign a short homework assignment, such as researching a related topic or writing a brief summary of the lesson.

Extension Activities (optional): 1. Virtual Lab: Provide students with a virtual lab simulation where they can explore the structure and function of the renal system. 2. Case Study: Present a case study involving a patient with kidney disease and have students analyze the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. 3. Group Discussion: Divide students into small groups and assign each group a specific aspect of the renal system to research and present to the class.

Note: This lesson plan can be adapted for an online class by utilizing video conferencing tools, sharing the presentation slides electronically, and providing online resources for further exploration.