Introduction

Koalas, scientifically known as Phascolarctos cinereus, are small marsupial mammals native to the east and south coasts of Australia. These arboreal animals have been a popular figure in Australia’s culture and have been given the title of the country’s national animal. Koalas live in the tall eucalyptus forests that dot the southern and eastern parts of Australia, and are often seen slowly making their way up a tree or sprawled out asleep amongst its branches. Although their name might make it seem that their diet is a lot more adventurous than it is, koalas are in fact fussy eaters and are known for consuming only eucalyptus leaves. This strict diet, combined with their sleepy nature, deceiving intelligence and endangerment has led to them becoming one of the most iconic wildlife symbols of Australia.

Appearance

Koalas measure between 60-85cm and typically weigh between 4-15kg, with males often being larger than females. Their fur can range from a bluish-grey to a reddish-brown, depending on their location. Koalas develop black stripes around their noses to protect them from the sun, and have leathery paw pads that help them to grip and climb the trees of their habitat. Along the length of their bodies is a unique scent gland that releases a scent used for communication.

Diet

Koalas are one of the few mammals that can survive on a diet out of just one type of food. They sources almost all of their sustenance from the eucalyptus leaves, spending approximately 5-6 hours a day consuming the nutrient-poor food. On average they eat between 500-600g of leaves each week, and have been observed drinking between 2-3 tablespoons of water per day to supplement their diet.

Habitat

Most koalas inhabit eucalyptus forests along the east and south coasts of Australia, where they are found either in the branches of the trees or sleeping in the fork between two trunk. Both genders of koala have been known to travel long distances in search of food, although they often stick to the same patch of forest.

Behaviour

Koalas are known for their placid and sleepy demeanour. They spend up to 18 hours sleeping on a daily basis stretched out between branches, and slowly make their way from tree to tree in search of food. Although commonly thought of as being cuddly and/or lazy animals, koalas are in fact highly intelligent beings capable of learning rapidly and problem solving.

Threats to Survival

It is estimated that koalas were once the most populous mammal in Australia, with over several million living in their natural habitat. However, due to habitat destruction, population fragmentation, hunting and diseases such as Chlamydia, the number of koalas has declined rapidly and they are now listed as a Vulnerable Species under IUCN’s red list of species. This has prompted various conservation efforts to help protect koalas and restore habitats, including the Koala Conservation Centres that have being created by the Australian government.

Fun Facts

• Koalas have fingerprints that are almost identical to those of humans • Koalas sleep an average of 22 hours a day • Koalas are found only in Australia • Koalas are surprisingly good at swimming and can hold their breath up to 4 minutes underwater • Koalas’ distinctive scent is used for communication as well as for defence • The life expectancy for koalas in the wild is about 17 years, while in captivity it can reach up to 20 years