1. The use of chemical weapons in warfare: Background: Chemical weapons have been used in various conflicts throughout history, causing widespread devastation and loss of life. The Chemical Weapons Convention, which bans the production and use of chemical weapons, has been ratified by the majority of countries worldwide. However, there are still concerns about the potential use of chemical weapons in modern warfare.

Key arguments: - Proponents may argue that chemical weapons are inhumane and violate international law, and should be completely banned. - Opponents may argue that chemical weapons serve as a deterrent and can be used as a last resort in self-defense.

Discussion questions: - Should the use of chemical weapons be completely banned, or are there situations where their use may be justified? - What steps can be taken to prevent the proliferation and use of chemical weapons in warfare?

1. Genetic modification of crops: Background: Genetic modification (GM) of crops involves altering their DNA to improve traits such as yield, pest resistance, and nutritional content. While proponents argue that GM crops can help address food security and reduce the use of pesticides, opponents raise concerns about potential health and environmental risks.

Key arguments: - Proponents may argue that GM crops can help increase food production, reduce hunger, and improve nutrition. - Opponents may argue that GM crops may have unknown long-term health effects, harm biodiversity, and lead to the consolidation of power in the hands of a few large corporations.

Discussion questions: - What are the potential benefits and risks of genetic modification of crops? - How can we ensure that GM crops are safe for human consumption and the environment?

1. The ethics of animal testing in scientific research: Background: Animal testing is a common practice in scientific research, used to study diseases, test new drugs, and ensure the safety of consumer products. While some argue that animal testing is necessary for medical progress, others raise ethical concerns about the treatment of animals and the validity of using animal models to predict human responses.

Key arguments: - Proponents may argue that animal testing is essential for advancing medical knowledge and developing new treatments. - Opponents may argue that animal testing is cruel and unnecessary, and that alternative methods such as computer modeling and cell cultures should be used instead.

Discussion questions: - Is it ethical to use animals in scientific research, or are there alternative methods that can be used instead? - How can we balance the need for scientific progress with ethical considerations regarding the treatment of animals?