Energy stores are materials that can store energy, often in the form of chemical energy. Batteries, fuel cells and capacitors are all examples of energy stores.

Energy transfers refer to the transfer of energy from one form to another. Examples of energy transfers include light energy being converted to heat energy, and kinetic energy being converted to electrical energy. Many of the everyday appliances we use involve energy transfers, from a lightbulb which transfers electrical energy to light energy, to an electric car which transfers electrical energy to kinetic energy.