Exothermic and endothermic reactions are two types of chemical reactions that differ in terms of energy exchange.
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Exothermic reactions: These reactions release energy in the form of heat. In an exothermic reaction, the products have lower energy than the reactants, resulting in a net release of energy. Some examples of exothermic reactions include combustion reactions (e.g., burning of wood), neutralization reactions (e.g., mixing an acid and a base to form water and a salt), and many oxidation reactions (e.g., rusting of iron).
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Endothermic reactions: These reactions absorb energy from the surroundings in the form of heat. In an endothermic reaction, the products have higher energy than the reactants, resulting in a net absorption of energy. Some examples of endothermic reactions include photosynthesis (where plants convert sunlight into chemical energy), the reaction between baking soda and vinegar (which absorbs heat and causes a cooling effect), and the reaction between ammonium nitrate and water (used in cold packs).
In both types of reactions, energy is conserved according to the law of conservation of energy. However, the direction of energy flow differs. Exothermic reactions release energy, while endothermic reactions absorb energy.
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