The continental drift theory suggests that the Earth’s continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea, which gradually broke apart and drifted to their current positions.

The plate tectonics theory builds upon the continental drift theory and states that the Earth’s lithosphere is divided into several large and small plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere. These plates are constantly moving and interacting with each other, causing various geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains.