to the running program.

When a program is loaded into memory, it contains all the necessary code and data to execute its functions. Function calls within the program refer to specific memory addresses where the code for those functions is located. These function calls are resolved at compile-time and are part of the initial loaded memory image of the program.

On the other hand, dynamic library calls involve using external libraries that are not part of the initial loaded memory image. These libraries contain additional code and functionality that can be dynamically loaded into the program’s memory space at runtime. When a dynamic library call is made, the operating system is responsible for locating the required library, mapping its code into the program’s memory, and resolving the function call to the appropriate memory address within the library.

Dynamic library calls provide flexibility and modularity to programs as they allow for the use of external libraries without requiring them to be statically linked during compilation. This enables the program to load and use different libraries based on runtime conditions or user preferences. However, dynamic library calls incur a slight performance overhead due to the involvement of the operating system in loading and resolving the library functions.