Background information: - The partition of British India in 1947 led to the creation of two separate nations, India and Pakistan, based on religious lines (Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan). - The partition was accompanied by widespread violence, displacement of populations, and loss of life. - The region of Kashmir, located on the border between India and Pakistan, has been a major point of contention between the two countries since independence, with both claiming it as part of their territory.

Key arguments: - Proponents of India’s position argue that Kashmir is an integral part of India, as it acceded to India in 1947 and is home to a diverse population including Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs. - Supporters of Pakistan’s position argue that Kashmir is a Muslim-majority region and should have been part of Pakistan at the time of partition, and that the people of Kashmir should have the right to self-determination. - Some argue that the ongoing conflict in Kashmir is a result of historical grievances and unresolved issues from the partition of British India, and that a peaceful resolution is necessary for stability in the region.

Discussion questions: 1. Should Kashmir be part of India, Pakistan, or have its own independent status? What are the implications of each scenario? 2. How has the legacy of the partition of British India contributed to the ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan over Kashmir? 3. What role do religious and cultural identities play in the conflict over Kashmir? How can these factors be addressed in efforts to resolve the dispute? 4. What are the potential consequences of continued conflict in Kashmir for the people living in the region and for regional stability in South Asia? 5. How can historical controversies such as the partition of British India be addressed in educational curricula and public discourse to promote understanding and reconciliation between India and Pakistan?