The Gilded Age, which lasted from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, was a period of rapid economic growth and industrialization in the United States. It was characterized by extreme wealth and opulence for a small elite class, while the majority of the population faced poverty and inequality.

During this time, political machines emerged as powerful forces in American politics. Political machines were organized groups that controlled the activities of a political party in a city or state. They were typically led by a powerful boss who used their influence to gain and maintain political power.

One of the most famous political machines was Tammany Hall in New York City, led by Boss Tweed. Tammany Hall controlled the Democratic Party in the city and used its power to provide jobs, housing, and other favors to immigrants and the urban poor in exchange for their political support. The machine also engaged in corrupt practices, such as bribery and fraud, to maintain its control over the city.

Political machines were able to thrive during the Gilded Age due to the rapid urbanization and influx of immigrants into cities. Many new immigrants were in need of assistance and turned to political machines for help. In return, the machines gained a loyal voting base and were able to maintain their power.

However, the influence of political machines also led to widespread corruption and the undermining of democratic processes. The machines often engaged in patronage, where political positions and favors were given to supporters, regardless of their qualifications. This resulted in inefficient and corrupt governance.

The Gilded Age and the power of political machines eventually led to a push for political reform. Progressive Era reformers sought to combat corruption and increase government accountability. They advocated for civil service reform, which aimed to replace the spoils system with a merit-based system of hiring government employees. Additionally, the introduction of direct primaries and other electoral reforms aimed to reduce the power of political machines.

Overall, the Gilded Age and political machines were intertwined phenomena that shaped American politics during this period. While the machines provided some benefits to their supporters, they also perpetuated corruption and inequality. The push for political reform in the Progressive Era sought to address these issues and create a more transparent and accountable political system.