In Richard Wagamese’s novel “Indian Horse,” several symbols are used to add depth to the narrative and contribute to the overall themes of identity, resilience, and the power of storytelling. Here are some of the key symbols and their interpretations:

1. Hockey: Hockey serves as a symbol of hope, escape, and a sense of belonging for Saul Indian Horse, the protagonist. It represents his passion, talent, and a way to transcend the challenges he faces as an Indigenous person in a predominantly white society. Hockey also symbolizes the resilience of Indigenous communities, as it becomes a means of resistance against assimilation and a way to preserve their cultural identity.

2. The Ojibwe Language: The Ojibwe language symbolizes the connection to Saul’s Indigenous heritage and acts as a source of strength and cultural identity. It represents the importance of preserving Indigenous languages and traditions, which have been systematically suppressed and erased by colonization. The language also serves as a bridge between generations, as Saul’s grandmother teaches him the language, emphasizing the intergenerational trauma and the healing power of cultural knowledge.

3. The Horse: The horse symbolizes freedom, power, and the connection to nature. It represents Saul’s spiritual journey and his desire to reclaim his Indigenous identity. The horse also serves as a metaphor for the resilience of Indigenous people, as it is a reminder of their historical relationship with the land and their ability to adapt and survive despite the hardships they face.

4. The Residential School: The residential school symbolizes the destructive impact of colonization on Indigenous communities. It represents the loss of cultural identity, the trauma inflicted on Indigenous children, and the attempt to assimilate them into Euro-Canadian society. The school also symbolizes the resilience and strength of survivors, as Saul’s experiences in the residential school shape his determination to reclaim his identity and find healing through storytelling.

5. The Northern Lights: The Northern Lights symbolize the spiritual connection between Saul and his ancestors. They represent the presence of the supernatural and the guidance Saul receives from his ancestors throughout his journey. The Northern Lights also symbolize the beauty and resilience of Indigenous cultures, as they continue to shine despite the darkness of colonization and assimilation.

These symbols add depth to the narrative by providing layers of meaning and allowing readers to explore the themes of identity, resilience, and the power of storytelling in a more profound way. They highlight the struggles and triumphs of Indigenous communities, emphasizing the importance of cultural preservation, healing, and reclaiming one’s identity in the face of adversity.