Some major geological processes include plate tectonics, erosion, weathering, and volcanic activity. Each of these processes is associated with specific land features.

1. Plate tectonics: This process involves the movement and interaction of Earth’s lithospheric plates. When plates collide, they can form mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas. When plates separate, they create rift valleys, like the East African Rift Valley. Transform boundaries can result in faults and earthquakes.

2. Erosion: Erosion is the process of wearing away and transporting sediment by wind, water, or ice. It can create various landforms, such as canyons, valleys, and river deltas. For example, the Grand Canyon in the United States was formed by the erosive action of the Colorado River over millions of years.

3. Weathering: Weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks and minerals at or near the Earth’s surface. It can occur through physical, chemical, or biological processes. Weathering can lead to the formation of land features like cliffs, caves, and arches. An example is the limestone karst landscapes found in regions like the Dinaric Alps or the Yucatan Peninsula.

4. Volcanic activity: Volcanic activity occurs when molten rock (magma) rises to the Earth’s surface. It can result in the formation of volcanic landforms such as volcanoes, lava flows, and volcanic cones. For instance, the Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanic activity as the Pacific Plate moved over a hotspot in the Earth’s mantle.

These are just a few examples of the major geological processes and their associated land features. There are many more processes and landforms that exist, each contributing to the diverse and dynamic nature of Earth’s surface.