Henry VII (1485-1509) - Born in 1457, he was the first Tudor monarch and came to the throne after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth. - He established the Tudor dynasty and worked to strengthen the monarchy by creating a strong central government and reducing the power of the nobility. - He married Elizabeth of York, uniting the houses of Lancaster and York and ending the Wars of the Roses. - He also sponsored voyages of exploration, including those of John Cabot to North America.

Henry VIII (1509-1547) - Born in 1491, he is perhaps the most famous Tudor monarch, known for his six marriages and his break with the Roman Catholic Church. - He came to the throne at the age of 18 and was initially seen as a popular and charismatic ruler. - He is known for his role in the English Reformation, which saw him establish the Church of England and dissolve the monasteries. - He also oversaw a period of military expansion, including the invasion of Scotland and the defeat of the French at the Battle of the Spurs.

Edward VI (1547-1553) - Born in 1537, he was the son of Henry VIII and his third wife, Jane Seymour. - He came to the throne at the age of nine and was initially ruled by a regency council. - He was a devout Protestant and oversaw the further establishment of the Church of England. - He died at the age of 15, possibly from tuberculosis, and was succeeded by his half-sister, Mary I.

Mary I (1553-1558) - Born in 1516, she was the daughter of Henry VIII and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. - She came to the throne after the death of Edward VI and was the first queen regnant of England. - She was a devout Catholic and sought to restore Catholicism to England, leading to the persecution of Protestants and earning her the nickname “Bloody Mary.” - She married Philip II of Spain, which was unpopular with the English people. - She died childless and was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth I.

Elizabeth I (1558-1603) - Born in 1533, she was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. - She came to the throne after the death of Mary I and was the last Tudor monarch. - She is known for her long and successful reign, which saw England become a major world power. - She oversaw a period of cultural and artistic flourishing, known as the Elizabethan era. - She never married and was known as the “Virgin Queen.” - She died childless and was succeeded by James VI of Scotland, who became James I of England.