Adjudication: The primary function of judicial institutions is to resolve disputes and apply the law to specific cases. They hear and decide on civil, criminal, and administrative cases, ensuring that justice is served and the rule of law is upheld.

Interpretation of laws: Judicial institutions have the responsibility to interpret laws and statutes. They analyze the language and intent of legislation to determine its meaning and how it applies to specific cases. This interpretation helps in providing clarity and consistency in the application of laws.

Judicial review: Judicial institutions have the power of judicial review, which allows them to review the constitutionality of laws and government actions. They ensure that laws and actions are in compliance with the constitution and protect individual rights and liberties.

Enforcement of judgments: Judicial institutions are responsible for enforcing their judgments and decisions. They ensure that the parties involved in a case comply with the court’s orders, such as paying fines, serving sentences, or fulfilling contractual obligations.

Protection of rights: Judicial institutions play a crucial role in protecting individual rights and liberties. They safeguard fundamental rights, such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, by interpreting and applying laws in a manner that upholds these rights.

Precedent-setting: Judicial institutions establish legal precedents through their decisions. These precedents serve as guidelines for future cases and help in maintaining consistency and predictability in the legal system.

Dispute resolution: Judicial institutions provide a forum for resolving disputes between individuals, organizations, or the state. They offer a fair and impartial process for parties to present their arguments, present evidence, and have their case decided upon by an independent judge or panel of judges.

Protection of the rule of law: Judicial institutions are responsible for upholding the rule of law. They ensure that laws are applied equally and fairly to all individuals, regardless of their status or influence. By holding individuals accountable for their actions, they contribute to maintaining social order and stability.

Judicial independence: Judicial institutions are expected to be independent from political interference or influence. They should be free from external pressures and make decisions solely based on the law and evidence presented in court. This independence is crucial for ensuring a fair and impartial justice system.

Judicial administration: Judicial institutions also have administrative responsibilities, such as managing court operations, appointing and disciplining judges, and overseeing the functioning of the judicial system. They are responsible for maintaining the efficiency and effectiveness of the courts and ensuring access to justice for all.