Title: Must/Have to Lesson for Pre-Intermediate

Objective: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to understand and use the modal verbs “must” and “have to” to express obligations and necessity in the present and past.

Warm-up (5 minutes): 1. Begin the lesson by asking students about their daily routines and obligations. For example, “What are some things you must do every day?” or “What are some things you have to do this week?”

Presentation (10 minutes): 2. Introduce the modal verb “must” to express obligations and necessity in the present. Write the following examples on the board: - I must study for my exams. - You must finish your homework. - He must go to work early. - She must eat a healthy breakfast.

1. Explain that “must” is used to talk about strong obligations or things that are necessary to do. Emphasize that “must” is used for personal obligations, not external ones. For example, “I must study” (personal obligation) vs. “You must finish your homework” (external obligation).

2. Provide some examples of negative sentences using “must”:
   • I must not be late for class.
   • You must not forget to call your parents.
   • He must not eat junk food.
   • She must not skip her exercise routine.
3. Introduce the modal verb “have to” to express obligations and necessity in the present. Write the following examples on the board:
   • I have to go to the dentist tomorrow.
   • You have to wear a seatbelt in the car.
   • He has to take his medicine every day.
   • She has to attend the meeting.
4. Explain that “have to” is used to talk about both personal and external obligations. It is less strong than “must” and can be used in more formal situations.

Practice (15 minutes): 7. Divide the class into pairs or small groups. Provide each group with a set of cards containing different obligations or situations. For example: - You have to clean your room. - He has to cook dinner tonight. - She must study for her English test. - They must not forget to lock the door.

1. Instruct students to take turns using “must” or “have to” to express the obligations or situations on their cards. Encourage them to create both positive and negative sentences.

2. Monitor the groups and provide assistance as needed. After a few minutes, have each group share some of their sentences with the class.

Production (15 minutes): 10. Write the following sentences on the board: - I had to work late yesterday. - You had to study for the exam. - He had to take care of his younger siblings. - She had to attend a meeting.

1. Explain that “had to” is used to express obligations and necessity in the past. It is the past tense of “have to.” Ask students to identify the differences between the sentences in the present and past.

2. In pairs or small groups, have students discuss and share their own experiences of things they had to do in the past. Encourage them to use “had to” in their sentences.

Wrap-up (5 minutes): 13. Review the main points of the lesson and ask students to summarize the differences between “must,” “have to,” and “had to” in expressing obligations and necessity.

1. Assign a homework task where students write a short paragraph about something they must do every day or something they had to do in the past. Encourage them to use the target language from the lesson.

2. End the lesson by answering any questions and providing feedback on students’ performance.