Newton’s laws of motion are three fundamental laws that describe the behavior of objects in motion. They were first described by Sir Isaac Newton in 1687 in his book “Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica”. The three laws are:

1. Law of Inertia: An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.

2. Law of Acceleration: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. This can be expressed mathematically as F = ma, where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object, and a is the resulting acceleration.

3. Law of Action and Reaction: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that when one object exerts a force on another object, the second object will exert an equal and opposite force back on the first object.

These laws are fundamental to our understanding of the physical world and are used in many fields, including engineering, physics, and astronomy.