The first chapter of “The Canterbury Tales” by Geoffrey Chaucer is known as the General Prologue. It serves as an introduction to the entire collection of tales and sets the stage for the pilgrimage to Canterbury.

In this chapter, Chaucer presents a diverse group of characters who are all traveling together to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury. The narrator, who is also a character in the story, describes each pilgrim in detail, providing insights into their appearance, personality, and social status.

Chaucer’s descriptions are vivid and often satirical, highlighting the flaws and virtues of each character. He uses various literary techniques, such as irony and humor, to create a lively and engaging narrative. The characters come from different social classes, including nobility, clergy, and commoners, representing a cross-section of medieval society.

Through these descriptions, Chaucer offers social commentary and criticism. He exposes the hypocrisy and corruption within the church, mocks the pretentiousness of the upper class, and celebrates the virtues of the common people. The characters are not merely individuals but also representatives of their respective professions and social groups.

Chaucer’s portrayal of the characters is nuanced and multi-dimensional. He presents both positive and negative aspects of their personalities, challenging simplistic stereotypes. For example, the Knight is described as a noble and honorable figure, while the Pardoner is depicted as a deceitful and greedy individual.

The General Prologue also reveals the pilgrims’ motivations for undertaking the journey. Some seek spiritual redemption, while others are driven by more worldly desires, such as socializing or seeking adventure. This diversity of motivations adds depth to the characters and reflects the complexity of human nature.

Overall, the first chapter of “The Canterbury Tales” is a rich and insightful introduction to the collection. It showcases Chaucer’s skill in character development, social commentary, and storytelling. The General Prologue sets the stage for the tales that follow, promising a diverse and entertaining exploration of medieval society.