Definite shape: Solids have a fixed shape and volume. The particles in a solid are closely packed together and have strong intermolecular forces that hold them in a fixed position.

High density: Solids have a high density compared to liquids and gases. This is because the particles in a solid are closely packed together, resulting in a higher mass per unit volume.

Incompressibility: Solids are generally incompressible, meaning that their volume cannot be easily reduced by applying pressure. The particles in a solid are already closely packed together, so there is little room for further compression.

Strong intermolecular forces: Solids have strong intermolecular forces between their particles, which hold them together in a fixed arrangement. These forces can be ionic, covalent, metallic, or molecular in nature, depending on the type of solid.

Low fluidity: Solids have low fluidity, meaning that they do not flow easily. The particles in a solid are held in a fixed position, so they cannot move past each other freely like the particles in a liquid or gas.

Crystalline or amorphous structure: Solids can have a crystalline or amorphous structure. Crystalline solids have a regular, repeating pattern of particles, while amorphous solids have a disordered arrangement of particles.

Melting and boiling points: Solids have high melting and boiling points compared to liquids and gases. This is because the strong intermolecular forces in solids require a significant amount of energy to break and allow the particles to move freely.

Thermal conductivity: Some solids have high thermal conductivity, meaning that they can transfer heat easily. This is because the particles in a solid are closely packed together, allowing for efficient transfer of thermal energy.

Electrical conductivity: Solids can be classified as conductors, insulators, or semiconductors based on their ability to conduct electricity. Conductors, such as metals, have free electrons that can move freely and carry electric charge. Insulators, such as plastics, do not have free electrons and do not conduct electricity. Semiconductors, such as silicon, have intermediate conductivity and can be controlled to conduct or insulate depending on the conditions.

Brittleness or malleability: Solids can be brittle or malleable. Brittle solids, such as glass, break or shatter easily when subjected to stress. Malleable solids, such as metals, can be easily deformed or shaped without breaking.