Pure culture method in microbiology involves the isolation of a single type of microorganism from a mixed population. This is done by streaking a sample onto a solid agar medium in a Petri dish and incubating it under specific conditions. The resulting colonies are then picked and transferred to a new medium to ensure that only one type of microorganism is present. This method is essential for studying the characteristics and behavior of individual microorganisms.

Subculture method in microbiology involves the transfer of a small amount of a pure culture to a new medium to maintain its growth and viability. This is done to prevent the culture from dying out or losing its characteristics over time. Subculturing is also used to obtain a large quantity of a particular microorganism for further study or experimentation. It is important to use aseptic techniques during subculturing to prevent contamination and maintain the purity of the culture.