Hypothesis a proposed explanation or prediction for a phenomenon or scientific problem that can be tested through experimentation or observation

Experiment a controlled procedure carried out to test a hypothesis or gather data

Control group a group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment and is used as a baseline for comparison

Experimental group a group in an experiment that receives the experimental treatment or variable being tested

Conclusion a summary of the results and findings of an experiment or study, often including an analysis and interpretation of the data

Theory a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and has been repeatedly tested and confirmed through experimentation and observation

Law a statement that describes an observed phenomenon or pattern in nature, often expressed as a mathematical equation

Model a simplified representation or simulation of a complex system or concept that helps scientists understand and predict its behavior

Peer review the evaluation of scientific work by experts in the same field to ensure its quality and validity before publication

Ethics the moral principles and values that guide scientific research and practice, including issues of honesty, integrity, and responsibility

Replication the process of repeating an experiment or study to verify and confirm the results

Bias a systematic error or deviation from the true value in scientific measurements or observations, often due to personal or cultural beliefs or preferences