Sikhism emerged in the fifteenth century in the Punjab region of India. It was founded by Guru Nanak, who taught a message of equality, social justice, and devotion to God. Sikhism combines elements of Hinduism and Islam, but also has its own distinct beliefs and practices. The Sikh holy book, called the Guru Granth Sahib, is considered the eternal Guru and serves as a guide for Sikhs. Sikhism spread throughout the Punjab region and has a significant following in India and other parts of the world.

In addition to these major religions, there were also various indigenous and traditional belief systems practiced by different cultures around the world. These belief systems often involved animism, the belief that spirits or supernatural beings inhabit natural objects and phenomena. Indigenous religions were deeply connected to the land and the natural world, and often involved rituals and ceremonies to maintain harmony with the spirits and forces of nature. These belief systems varied greatly depending on the specific culture and region.