Theoretical framework refers to a set of concepts, assumptions, and principles that guide research and help to explain phenomena. It provides a structure for understanding the relationships between variables and the underlying mechanisms that drive them. Theoretical frameworks are essential in research as they help to identify gaps in knowledge, provide a basis for hypothesis development, and guide data collection and analysis.

One of the most widely used theoretical frameworks is the social ecological model (SEM) developed by Bronfenbrenner (1979). The SEM posits that human behavior is influenced by multiple levels of factors, including individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors. This framework has been used in various fields, including public health, psychology, and education, to understand the complex interplay between individual behavior and environmental factors.

Another theoretical framework is the health belief model (HBM) developed by Rosenstock (1974). The HBM posits that health-related behavior is influenced by an individual’s perception of the threat of a health problem and the perceived benefits and barriers to taking action to prevent or treat the problem. This framework has been used extensively in health promotion and disease prevention research to understand factors that influence health-related behavior.

In addition to these frameworks, there are many other theoretical frameworks that have been developed and used in various fields of research. These include the transtheoretical model, the social cognitive theory, and the self-determination theory, among others.

In conclusion, theoretical frameworks are essential in research as they provide a structure for understanding the relationships between variables and the underlying mechanisms that drive them. They help to identify gaps in knowledge, provide a basis for hypothesis development, and guide data collection and analysis. Researchers should carefully consider the theoretical framework that best fits their research question and use it to guide their research process.

References:

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.

Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). Historical origins of the health belief model. Health Education Monographs, 2(4), 328-335.